So, 100% certainty on matters regarding fasting and abstinence is impossible I am not aware that followers of Isis, Magna Mater, etc. Rather, did anyone at the time see it that way? One such person came back to a house in an area of Pompeii designated today as Region 9, Insula 1, House 26. Disconsolate and aghast, he picked up a piece of charcoal and scratched on the wall in large black Latin letters: As he saw it, the divine punishment of these two cursed Biblical cities was echoed in the rain of fire on Pompeii.8. Your email address will not be published. 79 closely parallels the biblical account of Sodom and Gomorrah. (Scientists initially thought the heat would have killed them instantlynew analysis shows this was not the case.) Sodom and Gomorrah: Directed by Robert Aldrich, Sergio Leone. The Lord was having none of it. One day they had a big festival called Vulcanalia which was a big party and occasion for The Roman god of Fire (including that Fire which comes from a volcano). 11. . It was reopened during the liberal days of Garibaldi, and again during the 1960s sexual revolution. The grafitti reads "Sodom and Gomorra." In Shanks's opinion, the text is proof that a Jewish visitor to the ruins believed its fate followed that of the two sin cities that the Bible says were destroyed by God. While speculatory and inconclusive, the article did help to highlight the wider questiondid the ancients believe the disaster was punishment from God (or the gods)? Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. But there may also be other evidence that a community of Jews lived at Pompeii. See also p. 302. Idols were everywhere in homes and businesses. In a layer of ancient earth, archaeologists claim to have found evidence of an apocalyptic event: Melted rooftops. Collins makes explicit in a footnote the clearly implied connection between the two events. It was because of that Babylonians destroyed Jerusalem. The phallus, the de facto symbol of Pompeii, was used as a good luck charm and could be found literally everywherein all sorts of obscene forms. Thats not exactly the question I want to raise, however. Abraham looks back and sees dense smoke rising from the land, like smoke from a furnace., RELATED: Earliest mention of Yahweh found in archaeological dump. With Stewart Granger, Pier Angeli, Stanley Baker, Rossana Podest. Utter incineration of buildings, animals and plants alike. Written with a piece of charcoal, the faded Latin words read: SODOM GOMOR[RAH]. Sodom and Gomorrah (/ s d m . By submitting above, you agree to our privacy policy. Natural History, Book XXXI, pp. This was an excellent article. Sometime the next day the mountain above them erupted and before anyone could escape: For the next 6 hours hot Lava covered people, animals, and buildings in over 70 feet deep. There was evidence that mineral grains had rained down, carried by scorching, high-force winds. According to Frank Parisis BOOK OF CALENDARS, 1 Tishri AM 3840 = Tuesday, 14 September AD 79. Regarding the destruction of Jerusalem it was Gods punishment on Jews for their disobedience. Individual artifacts were stored in Naples Secret Museumseparate from the main archaeology museum. Pompeii is the obvious representative for something that affected both (it was larger and there's more to know about . On my own visit to Pompeii, I tried to find out when the destruction of the Temple occurred, Shanks relates. A leader of Rome [Titus] will come who will burn Gerald R. Flurry, All Rights Reserved. Discover this Neolitic artwork from the worlds best preserved proto-city. Some homeowners may have tried to retrieve money or valuable possessions quite soon after the eruption. Genesis 19 describes widespread homosexuality, rape, promiscuity, going after strange flesh (Genesis 19:4-13; see also Leviticus 18:22; 20:13). About 90% or more of the inhabitants had already left when the city was buried. The Prophet Ezekiel wrote of Sodom and her daughters: They were haughty and practiced abominable deeds (Ezekiel 16:49-50, New English Translation). Sign up to receive our email newsletter and never miss an update. On the face of it, you dont need to be a rocket scientist to see possible connections between Tell el-Hammam. In the center of the insula (a kind of city block) where it was found is a beautifully preserved columned atrium. Maybe it was a punishment for all the immorality that happened in the city. It attacked the core of Roman society and, as if to emphasize the point, it extended all the way to Rome, Shanks said. The preceding Poinium presents a problem, however. He set sail to save some boatloads of people nearer Vesuvius and headed toward Stabiato no avail. In the next paragraph he notes that the eruption consumed the temples of Serapis and Isis and Neptune and Jupiter Capitolinus, among others. The answer is yes, according to Pliny the Elder, who tells us that another kind [of garum] is devoted to Jewish rites, and is made from fish without scales. Pliny obviously made a slip of the tongue here; he meant to say fish with scales. But it is clear that special garum, kosher garum, was indeed available to Jews. Similar to the time of Sodom and Gomorrah, evil is all around us in today's society, from lying and stealing to pornography, drugs, illicit sex, and violence. What are the Main Beliefs of most Jewish Religions? Is it Once Saved-Always Saved? Photo: Kunsthistoriches Museum, Vienna, Austria/The Bridgeman Art Library. Thanks for sharing. The barely visible inscription, which is now in the Naples Archaeological Museum, is also evidence that there were probably Jews living in Pompeii at the time. House 26 of Pompeiis Region 9 Insula 1 seemed like all the other houses on the city block. Then suddenly a portentous crash was heard, as if the mountains were tumbling in ruins; and first huge stones were hurled aloft, rising as high as the very summits, then came a great quantity of fire and endless smoke, so that the whole atmosphere was obscured and the sun was entirely hidden, as if eclipsed. I think the project was completed in around 63 AD. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". Photo via tallelhammam.com. And if that doesnt qualify enough as child sacrifice: Over 2,500 abortions every day (nearly 1 million per year). The July/August issue of Biblical Archaeology Review has a very interesting article by Herschel Shanks about Jewish oracles relating to the destruction of Pompeii. It is a painting of the Judgment of Solomon, deciding which of two women is the mother of the baby (1 Kings 3:1628). And jars of kosher garum appear to have been found at Pompeii, although the matter is not without controversy. The Evidence Is Compelling. The eruption of Mount Vesuvius in c.e. One citizen of ancient Pompeii got one lesson rightthe man who scribbled "Sodom and Gomorrah" on one of the city's buried walls. The Destruction of PompeiiGods Revenge? by Hershel Shanks originally appeared in Biblical Archaeology Review, July/August 2010. They expected to be able to come back later, after the eruption was over, and resume their lives. Amazing article ! It does not store any personal data. Pliny the Younger, Letters, 6.16, 6.20. Pompeii was well known for its production and trade of garum, a fish sauce considered a delicacy of the ancient Roman diet. As such its destruction signaled that of the expected apocalyptic FALL of Rome itself-both as a city and an empire. There are rabbis who agree that the Second Temple was actually the Third Temple. 7. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. Based on the location and series of pyroclastic surges (waves of gas and debris), temperatures would have fluctuated at Pompeii from a cool 100 degrees Celsius under the protection of collapsed roofs, up to many times that outside. Yahweh Yahuwshua is to be feared! These biblical lessons were provided not to be gloated over or used as justification, but to be learned from. The citizens were proud and arrogant, didnt help out the poor and elderly much, and had nothing to do with the God of the universe. Pompeii Italy was a very prosperous commercial seaside port that had lots of rich people who lived or vacationed there. Of course, the sexual sins were concurrent with many others that contributed to their downfall. The sin of sodomy was an offense against nature frequently connected with idolatrous practices. Read the full article about contemporary perception of God's role in the Destruction of Pompeii as it appeared in the July/August 2010 Biblical Archaeology Review. pompeii happened in 79ad? After Antiochus IV, this Temple was cleansed and rededicated. It is almost as if some supreme God was at work. In this sense the cherem of the inscription could be understood as the name of the Jewish community at Pompeii (Giordano and Kahn, The Jews in Pompeii, Herculaneum, Stabiae and in the Cities of Campania Felix, p. 99). I have understood (and taught) that this was the Third Temple (but not recognized by the Jewish people). Photo: Hershel Shanks. Collins has gained traction, at least in the media, and a few scientists and some Bible scholars are telling him to keep looking. It certainly raises suspicions when an archaeologist makes dramatic claims like this site is Biblical Sodom and that person is not credentialed as we expect, said James Hoffmeier, emeritus professor of Near Eastern archaeology and Old Testament at Trinity Evangelical Divinity School, in an interview with Religion News Service. The Bible often alludes to Sodom. The city was destroyed by fire from heaven in the time of Abraham and Lot ( Genesis 19:24 ). We are no more righteous than the people of Pompeii, Richard Palmer wrote. Vesuvius erupted, the city of Pompeii housed 10,000 to 20,000 people, including many wealthy Romans who owned summer homes there. 12. And as it is appointed unto men once to die, but after this the judgment:. Whatever physical (or nonphysical) phenomena it was, it certainly happened. The Bible chronology watchdogAnswers in Genesis, along with many others such asBryant Wood, editor of Bible and Spade, are rather candid in putting the fall of Sodom some two centuries off. Sin always has consequences, and you should take sin and God's wrath . Beard says that in fact there was probably plenty of warning. The inscription was found in a 19th-century excavation at the site. Walter Rast and Tom Schaub in the 1970s-80s had advanced the idea that Bab ed-Dra and Numeira were associated with Sodom and Gomorrah, he said. Sodom and Gomorrah, Pompeii and Herculaneumthe history of these cities is nothing to gloat over. A man named Lot called righteous by God lived among them. Early historians, such as Philo and Josephus, attest to this sexually deviant nature of the city, as does the New Testament. The people of Sodom and Gomorrah were the first on earth to commit a certain "indecency," and the Qurn states that they lusted after men instead of women (7:80-81). Pompeii is believed to have had around 25 brothels (previously thought to contain many more, based on the sheer number of buildings with preserved erotic art). Writing in Rome under the auspices of the Romans after the Jewish revolt, Josephus makes Vespasian and Titus look like humanitarians: In destroying the Temple, the Romans were really doing Gods will. 1.5 million tons of debris and molten rock were launched every second. exercised restrictions of this kind [i.e., similar to the Jews]. It would seem that this inscriptional reference to Sodom and Gomorrah was the work of a Jew, which leads to the question whether there were Jews living in Pompeii. Can you please tell us , what the Hebrew calendar date for Aug 24 , 79 C.E. It was a party town where rich Romans would drink and eat excessively, and have lots of sex in the temples dedicated to different gods and goddesses. Pompeii Italy was a very prosperous commercial seaside port that had lots of rich people who lived or vacationed there. Lot's wife and two daughters barely escape, but Lot's wife looks back and becomes a pillar of salt. Pliny the Elder was at Misenum in his capacity as commander of the Roman fleet when the eruption began. However, you may visit "Cookie Settings" to provide a controlled consent. There was nothing to visit and scratch graffiti on AFTER the eruption , UPDATE (August 24): In addition to Mark Davidsons comments below, see also Jim Davilas coverage of this item over at PaleoJudaica, which includes a link to an article (also in BAR) from a few years ago by Theodore Feder about a fresco possibly depicting Solomon, Socrates and Aristotle. Photo by Deg777/Wikipedia/Creative Commons, He reiterated his agreement with the findings of the authors of the original paper, going a step further to claim its sure evidence of the biblical account of Sodoms fall. The chaos left behind parallels the biblical accountin location, general timeframe and description. But his [Lots] wife looked back from behind him, and she became a pillar of salt (verse 26). this all makes sense, but when i look at the date 79AD is after christ? Simon Turpin, executive director and speaker for Answers in GenesisU.K., argues, The only way for proponents of Tall el-Hammam to synchronize it with biblical Sodom is to revise the biblical date of the Exodus, embrace a short Israelite sojourn in Egypt, and significantly reduce the lifespans of the patriarchs., RELATED: In time for Hanukkah, archaeologists reveal battle-scarred stronghold against Maccabees. The JP article perpetuates a common myth which Mary Beard debunks: This day in 79 CE began as any other. It could be dangerous, though. Shanks said a fresco of King Solomon, the most ancient depiction of a biblical scene, is located not far from where the Sodom and Gomorra graffiti was found. But last month Steven Jaret, a postdoctoral fellow at the American Museum of Natural History, and R. Scott Harris, a space scientist at Atlantas Fernbank Science Center, challenged these conclusions of the 21 scholars, also in Nature, basically hinting that Collins group confused run-of-the-mill smelting and pottery processes with heat from an airburst. These Jews could not use garum that was made from fish without scales or from shellfish (see Deuteronomy 14:10 and Leviticus 11:10). The month before Elul is Ab [30 days], which would have been 17 July through 15 August. They commit Spiritual Adultery (the pride of life is taught and lived, friendship with the world and love of money are coveted after), walking in lies, they give people a License to Sin through Eternal Security-that no matter how much they sin and Dont Repent they are still saved and going to heaven. Garum was a very popular Roman delicacy, a fish sauce variously composed of different kinds of often-decomposed or fermented marine life and herbs and spices. I contacted Professor Curtis, who wrote me: [Professor Cotton] apparently misinterpreted what I had written. And the affirmative is clear. It is possible that the wickedness of both these racial tribes reached the height of the highest heavens. Disconsolate and aghast, he picked up a piece of charcoal and scratched on the wall in large black Latin letters: What do Muslims really Believe? Thank you for your article. Also, relates Shanks, a vase with what some believe is an ancient kashrut stamp has been found in the famous ruins. I had already asked this of several other scholars, but none had any sources for me, although they said there must be some. The city's wickedness became proverbial. 9. What was unlike destruction caused by earthquakes or warfare were pottery shards with their outer surfaces melted into glass, some bubbled as if boiled, bubbled and melted building brick and plaster, suggesting some unknown high-temperature event. During this explosion, the city of Pompeii was completely buried in roughly nine feet of volcanic pumice and ash. A modern visitor to Pompeii doesn't have to look very hard to see evidence of the moral climate of the city. Scientists are still debating the cause of Tall el-Hammams destruction. It too was a city known for debauchery, sin, and depravity, and for this it apparently suffered "divine wrath". Maybe rewording this article would be a good idea. You had the scary white and dark soot as far as Rome. Herculaneum and Pompeii combined had a population of 20,000. Price lists indicate that prostitution services were generally cheaper in Pompeii than other parts of the Roman Empire (evidently, there was a lot more competition within the citys confines). The chief doubter is Hannah Cotton, a prominent scholar at the Hebrew University. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. Billy Grahams biggest Colossal Mistake. Fish sauce producers, if they cared at all about catering to a specific clientele, even a small one, could, I think, have directed a specific product to them . And there is no biblical link to a volcano causing the destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah. Photo: Hershel Shanks. The book of Ezra records that at the dedication of Zerubbabels temple, those who had seen the First Temple wept (Ezra 3:12). But the dates are close enough to raise the question: Were these two catastrophic events connected, at least in the mind of some observers? The same sins of Sodom and Gomorrah are rampant in the USA. [] Pompeii and Gods Revenge for Jerusalem Biblical Archaeology [], [] dynasty, Titus was emperor of Rome from 79 to 81 A.D. (LogOut/ Stephen's Gate. The disaster that befell Sodom and Gomorrah is very similar to the disaster that destroyed Pompeii. We know its exact location, what much of its culture is like and how it was buried. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. Photo: AKG-Images. First the dates: The Romans destroyed the Second Temple (Herods Temple) on the same date that the Babylonians had destroyed the First Temple (Solomons Temple) in 586 B.C.E. This also follows the pattern with God destroying Pharaoh and the Egyptians for denying and threatening Moses as well. Abraham seems to negotiate with God on behalf of the righteous in the two cities. Sodom and Gomorrah in Modern TImes. Josephus says that God had given all kinds of premonitory signs to [show] his people the way to salvation, while they owe their destruction to folly and calamities of their own choosing Some of these portents they [the Jews] treated with contempt, until the ruin of their country and their own destruction convicted them of their folly (Jewish War, 6.310, 315). The people bought, they did business, they married and they Loved Pleasuresmore than God. Luke 17:26-30. Published: December 12, 2017 2.11pm EST. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. Excavations at Jordans Tall el-Hammam (a contender for the location of biblical Sodom) have revealed a fiery destruction and an instantaneous end of a once-flourishing civilization, dated roughly to the 1700s b.c.e. rogueclassicism: 1. n. an abnormal state or condition resulting from the forced migration from a lengthy Classical education into a profoundly unClassical world; 2. n. a blog about Ancient Greece and Rome compiled by one so afflicted (v. "rogueclassicist"); 3. n. a Classics blog. 6. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. 89103, for an extended discussion of these issues. And indeed Dio seems to have had this in mind. Some skeletons are thought to be those of Roman tunnelers whose tunnel collapsed. On the other hand, poinium could also be understood as Greek poine, similar in meaning to the Latin poena; that is, punishment, which would fit nicely with the meaning of cherem as destruction or excommunication. See Giordano and Kahn, pp. Thus day was turned into night and light into darkness [Some] believed that the whole universe was being resolved into chaos or fire . While this was going on, an inconceivable quantity of ashes was blown out, which covered both sea and land and filled all the air It buried two entire cities, Herculaneum and Pompeii Indeed, the amount of dust, taken all together was so great that some of it reached Africa and Syria and Egypt, and it also reached Rome, filling the air overhead and darkening the sun. Zircon crystals in the pottery, upon analysis, were shown to have formed within one second, the result of superheating to temperatures perhaps as hot as the surface of the sun. 2023 Such was the assessment of the ancient citizen who scrawled the epithet on the city walls following the destruction. All your Donations help us so much to continue to give away Free Gods Digital Bibles in the USA and worldwide. Explained by Expert FAQGuide, https://www.biblicalarchaeology.org/daily/ancient-cultures/ancient-near-eastern-world/the-destructio…, Lavish New Kingdom Tomb Uncovered at Saqqara. Its rather nice that the full article is also this particular issues freebie: While I like the idea of the oracle as a retrojective prophecy, the thing I cant buy into are the comments on the Sodom and Gomorrah graffito. The utter destruction of Pompeii has become legendary. The grim reality of the brothels of Pompeii. Objects of daily life, carbonized pieces of wooden beams, charred grain, bones and limestone cobbles were burned to a chalklike consistency. The erupting Mount Vesuvius ejected material over 30 kilometers high, into the stratosphere. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. 3. the Temple of Jerusalem with fire [and] at the same time slaughter Did anyone connect the eruption of Mt. (Rome: Bardi Editore, 2003), pp. The Tall el-Hammam Excavation Project is a joint venture by Trinity Southwest University and Veritas International University. A mosaic floor in the home of a man named Aulus Umbricius Scaurus depicts jars of garum ready for sale (Scaurus owned a store that sold garum). Then the LORD rained down burning sulfur on Sodom and Gomorrah, the Book of Genesis says. So far, the remains of 1,500 have been identified. To the right of Vesuvias lies Naples and to the east lies Pompeii. Temple Mount. They were party animals in every sense of the word. The excerpt from Feder (included at Paleojudaica, but not in the abstract at BAR) is much more realistic on this one , View all posts by David Meadows ~ rogueclassicist. Thank You Mr.Shanks !! [] Source: https://www.biblicalarchaeology.org/daily/ancient-cultures/ancient-near-eastern-world/the-destructio… []. Will it be the same for this earth as people become more and more incontinent, allowing themselves to do whatever comes to mind, no matter how evil it might be? 2. Much smoking ashes will fill the great sky And showers will fall from heaven like red earth. The first chapter covers the importance of critical sense over . To this day, the area where Sodom and Gomorrah were located remains a desolate wasteland. The display was finally reopened in 2000 (but remains off-limits for children). It would seem that this inscriptional reference to Sodom and Gomorrah was the work of a Jew, which leads to the question whether there were Jews living in Pompeii. Via Dolorosa. According to Pliny the Elder, Pompeii has a good reputation for its garum.9 As if in confirmation of this observation, at least one store selling garum has been excavated in Pompeii. That those who do so seek a sense of self-justification, to feel better about themselves. (In 1849, the doorway to the gallery was actually bricked oversuch was the scandalous nature of its contents.) Was this disaster, which occurred almost exactly nine years after Roman troops destroyed the Temple in Jerusalem, seen as Gods revenge on the conquerors of the holy city? The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. 79 AD it is important to note is the . On the wall of House 26, an ancient observer, viewing the aftermath of the eruption, scratched the words Sodom and Gomor raha poignant Biblical reference to Gods vengeance on the two sinful cities of Genesis 19. Certainly, what happened at Pompeii and Herculaneum that fateful autumn c.e. When I learnt of the supposed date, I thought, Hey I wonder if anyone has connected the two. Shanks, described by the The New York Times as probably the worlds most influential amateur Biblical archaeologist, said he called Harvards Shaye Cohen, who directed him to Book 4 of the Sibylline Oracles, a text composed by mostly Jewish oracles shortly after the eruption. Seventeen-year-old Pliny the Younger was an eyewitness to the eruption and described it in terms similar to Dios. We have posted the full text of Professor Curtiss response to me online at www.biblicalarchaeology.org/e-features. (RNS) What everyone agrees on is that something unusual happened at Tall el-Hammam, an ancient settlement near the Dead Sea. In Jeremiah Chapter 23 God talks about how he is against Pastors, Bible teachers, Evangelists, and so-called Prophets who help destroy and scatter his followers. Now it rains bits of pumice, and rocks that were burned and shattered by the fire Broad sheets of flame were lighting up many parts of Vesuvius; their light and brightness were the more vivid for the darkness of the night Buildings were being rocked by a series of strong tremors and appeared to have come loose from their foundations and to be sliding this way and that. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The earliest existing picture of a scene from the Bibleportraying the judgment of King Solomoncomes from Pompeii. Sodom and Gomorrah was an ancient city of Syria located in the plain of Jordan. For example, the fourth pyroclastic surge released by the mountain blew into Pompeii at over 320 kilometers per hour, with temperatures exceeding 300 degrees Celsius. According to Islamic tradition, Lut was born to Haran and spent his younger years in Ur, later migrating to Canaan with his uncle Abraham. Gods Digital Bibles, Old Testament Bibles, New Testament Bibles, Bible Commentaries, and author William Charnows books are all given away Free to anyone. Then comes the same apocalyptic tone that we saw in Dio: There were some so afraid of death that they prayed for death. Small wonder, then, that the area suffered the same fate as Sodom and Gomorrah. Press, 2008), p. 24. The sheer intensity of destruction at Pompeii and Herculaneum hearkens to the biblical account of Sodom and Gomorrah. Vesuvius, and from time to time there would be minor tremors in the town caused by the mountain but they thought nothing of it. Why was the story fixed on Sodom and Pompeii with little being said about Gomorrah and Herculaneum, yet all these cities were destroyed? Abraham pleads for the lives of any righteous people living there, especially the lives of his nephew, Lot, and his family. Casualties of violence include 320,000 victims of rape and assault each year; 47 murders per day (2016); one child abused every 10 seconds, missing every 40 seconds, raped every 2 minutes, killed every 3 to 6 hours from abuse; and over 100,000 children prostituted annually. They are mentioned frequently in the prophets and the New Testament as symbols of human wickedness and divine retribution, and the . Vesuvius (which brought life to an abrupt end in that . This also echoes how God destroyed Sodom and Gomorrah for their wrongdoing after rejecting and threatening Lot, and also Gods destruction of Jerusalem during the time of Jeremiah after they threatened to kill him, and even God flooding the earth after Noah was denied and threatened by his people. That is the date on which observant Jews, sitting on the floor of their synagogues, still mourn the destruction of the First Temple, Solomons Temple, in 586 B.C.E. Yet as the Bible clearly reveals, such punishment is not meted out with any divine pleasure. Christians are familiar with the story. It was quite easy to findartistic carvings of phalli on the city roads and wall stones pointed the way. This gallery of objects from Pompeii and Herculaneum was repeatedly closed and reopened over the course of two centuries. Namely, homosexuality, (Gen 3:10, Gen 19). Archaeological discoveries indicate that Pompeii (and Herculaneum) had a parallel moral climate. by Roman general Tituss troops was graphically recounted by the first-century historian Flavius Josephus and is mourned by Jews every year on Tisha bAv. Castum means pure or chaste or innocent or spotless. It could well refer to the purity of garum prepared for observant Jews. COPYRIGHT 2023 BIBLICAL ARCHAEOLOGY SOCIETY 5614 Connecticut Ave NW #343, Washington DC 20015-2604. See Carlo Giordano and Isidoro Kahn, The Jews in Pompeii Heculaneum, Stabiae and in the Cities of Campania Felix 3rd ed., Wilhelmina F. Jashemski, trans. from Italy, and it will sack the great Temple of God The tone is plainly apocalyptic. Sodom, Gomorrah, and the surrounding cities in the plain of Jordan were destroyed by God due to perversion and sin. The city was buried under tons of ash and smothered with toxic fumes. Fascinating research. Outside, however, there was danger from the rocks that were coming down , [Then] came the dust, though still lightly. In those ancient days this is where the pornography and fornication/sexual sins took place on a regular basis. Simcha, The Naked Archaeologist, had some interesting, and graphic, things to say about Pompeii.
Jack Daniels 90 Proof For Sale, Redan High School Teacher Killed, Articles I