Indigenous communities were originally enslaved, but they were not a viable long term plan for free/cheap labor. The Aztec Empire, also known as the Mexica Empire, was a Mesoamerican empire that ruled over a large territory that included parts of modern-day Mexico and Central America from the 14th to the 16th century. But there are a few key features of these empires. Europeans would have to wait a few centuries for access to China. The tsar wielded absolute power in this autocracy. A tribute of young boys that the Ottomans levied on Christian communities. How did land-based empires generate revenue to expand and maintain power? It was founded by the Inca civilization, which developed in the Andean region of South America and eventually came to dominate much of the region through military conquests. The Protestant Reformation was the creation of a new branch of Christainity Protestantism that included people that broke from the Roman Catholic Church. After the tumultuous years of the Mongol invasion and the subsequent Yuan dynasty, it was also a time of relative peace and prosperity in China. The work of harvesting cash crops and mining silver was labor intensive. The global economy thrived as trade, inflation was caused, and labor increased. Texans, Choose three of the groups listed below and describe how their experience was similar to or different from the experience described in the song. Before 1492, the Americas were isolated from Africa, Europe, and Asia. The Soviet Union, which was established on the territory of the former Russian Empire, became a major world power and played a significant role in global politics for much of the 20th century. Fromthe16thtotheearly20thcenturies,theFrenchEmpirewas centered in France and ruled over the majority of the world. The modern nation of Turkey was established on the territory of the former Ottoman Empire and is the successor state to the Ottoman Empire. What were the characteristics of the Songhay Empire? The French were the least important empire but they had military supremacy. The most immediate effect on indigenous communities was the massive depopulation caused by disease. , ldings called catacombs It was one of the largest and most long-lasting empires in world history. If they could fast a quicker route to Asia, profits would balloon and religious ideologies would spread. He was approached by Lord Macartney about liberalizing the trade restrictions; turned down the offer claiming that Europe had nothing to offer China. Elite Ottoman soldiers from the Devshirme system. The Ming Dynasty was known for its trade expansion to the outside world, including the establishment of diplomatic relations with the Ottoman Empire and the creation of the Treasure Fleet, a powerful navy that allowed China to become a dominant maritime power. Tax (ex: Mughal zamindar tax collection, Ottoman tax farming), used movable type to print, increased literacy and helped spread the Reformation, First absolute tsar of Russia who crushed the boyars, giving him a bad reputation, emperor of Qing dynasty, greatly expanded China's borders. Although the adopted political traditions in China, the Qing were committed to making the Manchu culture dominant. The Safavids were Twelver Shia Muslims who made Shia Islam the official religion of the empire. New diseases, crops, people, and cultures were distributed throughout the world. Describe the impact of the Columbian Exchange on the Western Hemisphere (New World). \hline \text { Total } & 5311.82 & 39 & & & & \\ The Han Chinese established the Ming dynasty after overthrowing the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty and establishing a new government in China. Ottoman Empire Between the 14th and early 20th centuries, the Ottoman Empire ruled over much of southeastern Europe, western Asia, and northern Africa. Legitimizing Power 4. Include any . In this empire art and literature flourished. This was used to generate revenue to continue the rise of state power and expansion. In 1685, the Catholic King James II ascended to the throne and began enacting anti-Protestant policies. In North America, the Spanish had control of the southwest regions, central America, and Florida. In the twentieth century, the British Empire began to decline. a. How did religion lead to conflict in Europe 1450-1700? The lateen sail was a triangular sail that allowed ships to sail against wind. Sikhism developed in relation to the Mughal Empire as they both shared the beliefs of Hinduism and Islam. Anything extra that they collected they were able to keep. North #traderace. Consolidated power through their military, alliances, and having control over trade routes. How did the Songhai Empire (c. 1464 - 1591), in West Africa centralize their bureaucracies? keep the balance of free and slave states King on a raised platform surrounded by 700 Eunuchs; only approached lying down on the ground. SUMMARYGroupsColumn1Column2Column3Column4SourceofVariationBetweenGroupsWithinGroupsTotalCount10101010Ss2997.112314.715311.82Average349348366365df33639MS999.0464.30F15.54p-value1.2E06Fcrit2.866. Below the royals was a second class of the nobility, a small wealthy group that owned most of the land. Describe the impact of the Columbian Exchange on the Eastern Hemisphere (Old World). How did Maritime (sea-based) Empires exert and expand their power? Explain how the land-based empires of the 1450-1750 time period developed (what allowed them to obtain and maintain power): Historical Developments Imperial expansion relied on the increased use of gunpowder, cannons, and . The Tokugawa period was also a time of cultural and artistic flourishing, with the emergence of several distinct artistic styles and the rise of a wealthy, urban merchant class. New languages developed as a blend of different dialects, such as Creole. But some reasons include: Long-term conflict with other land-based powers, which focus attention on land-based concerns. How did religion lead to conflict in the Middle East 1450-1700? Slowed population growth also weakened economic production. How did the Ottoman Empire expand their empire? Bureaucracy/Military (ex: Ottoman devshirme, salaried samurai) Over time, the Portuguese became more exploitative to expand their powers. The Dutch Empire began to decline in the 19th century. Europeans built empires that stretched across oceans included territories in the Americas, Africa, and Asia. The state with the most access to trade could be the most powerful. Eventually leaders chose whether to be Protestant or Catholic which led to bitter resentments among them. The Americas are mostly defined by ethnic division during the period of 1450-1750. The Columbian Exchange also had an enormous effect on the environment. Include both positive and negative outcomes. in underground passages and rooms called catacombs The Safavid Empire was an eastern Islamic state that existed from the early 16th to the mid-18th centuries. Religion and cultural ideas continued to play a role, and even spread within empires. These regions did not have a history of state sponsorship of naval activity; for example, merchants may have done most of the overseas trading. What were the characteristics of the Mughal Empire? What were the motivations and consequences of exploration? The era between 1450 and 1750 saw the appearance of several land-based empires who built their power on the use of gunpowder: the Ottomans and the Safavids in Southwest Asia , the Mughals in India , the Ming and Qing in China , and the new Russian Empire. The Dutch Empire was characterized by a strong centralized government and a global network of trade and colonization. Following the Meiji Restoration, which ended feudal rule in Japan, the Tokugawa shogunate was deposed in 1868. Your time is up. During the Tokugawa Shogunate, Japan underwent significant economic and cultural development. The Sultans ruled the top of the pyramid and had powers to grant rewards to favored groups, such as soldiers. They embraced "Divine Right" which claims that the king is God's representative on Earth and carries out his bidding. The Incan Empire, also known as the Inca Empire, was a South American empire that was located in the Andes Mountains. The caraval, carrack and fluyt were all new technologies that helped countries increase their access to sea trade and travel. It was founded and ruled by a Muslim dynasty of Chaghatai Turco-Mongol origin, which claimed direct descent from both Timur, the Turco-Mongol conqueror, and Genghis Khan, via his son Chaghatai Khan. European empires arose in 1450-1750 by conquering trade ports and lands from around the world. \hline \begin{array}{l} This included the continuity of using religious ideas to legitimize their rule. The most dramatic social changes happened in the Americas because of the influx of Europeans, decimation of Indigenous, and explosion of the African slave trade. At the bottom was the largest class of peasants, many of whom sank into debt and were forced into serfdom. Their Sun God needed human blood so it would not descend into eternal darkness. The Inca Empire is known for its cultural achievements and its sophisticated system of government and administration. A Roman Catholic tribunal for investigating and prosecuting charges of heresy - especially the one active in Spain during the 1400s. Akbar was very tolerant of religions and removed the jizya. The empire was also a center of learning and scholarship, with the establishment of several major libraries and the support of scholars and intellectuals. 2023 Fiveable Inc. All rights reserved. In the Ottoman Empire, they were Christian boys from the Balkans who were enslaved & educated to serve the state) helped to consolidate power by creating a very loyal bureaucracy and elite military (the Janissaries). Describe the isolationist policies of China and Japan. Explain the first global economy embodied by the trade in silver. Organized people into 10, 50, 100, 500, 1,000, 5,000 and 10,000 led by local officials. From the early sixteenth to the mid-nineteenth centuries, the Mughal Empire ruled South Asia. Even as serfdom was abolished across Europe, Russian serfs were tied to the land through strict laws that had no opportunity for freedom. Indentured servitude was a contract as landowners provided food and shelter for the work done instead of money. 3. How did they deal with political and religious disputes? It was also a multicultural state, with Han Chinese, Manchus, Mongols, and other ethnic groups living there. The French Empire came to an end in the mid-19th century, following Napoleon's defeat at the Battle of Waterloo. How did the Civil Service Exam system centralize Qing Dynasties? Most kidnapped slaves were men, which left a gender imbalance in favor of women, especially in Ghana and Benin. Ottoman Empire, 1919. Legitimized power over the Chinese since the Manchu were seen as foreigners. The Inca Empire, also known as the Inka Empire or the Tawantinsuyu, was a South American empire that ruled over a large territory that included parts of modern-day Peru, Ecuador, Chile, Bolivia, Argentina, and Colombia from the 13th to the 16th century. The empire was also a center of learning and scholarship, with the establishment of several major universities and the support of scholars and intellectuals. The Protestant Reformation in Europe challenged what was seen as corrupt practices of the Catholic Church. A one-way analysis of variance experiment produced the following ANOVA table. Ruled from 1644 until 1911. Relative to the total population. AP World History Unit 3: Land Based Empires c. 1450 to c. 1750 Flashcards | Quizlet AP World History Unit 3: Land Based Empires c. 1450 to c. 1750 Term 1 / 233 it made them have absolute authority, but it also brought about family problems between family members about who should rule, and they killed each other many times Click the card to flip What methods were used by the Ottoman Empire to collect taxes? The Meiji period saw the modernization and westernization of Japan, as the country opened up to foreign influence and underwent rapid industrialization and urbanization. In each of the given sentences, underline the relative pronoun and circle the word to which it refers. How did the Asante benefit from participation in trading networks in this time period? The Russian Empire is particularly known for its contributions to the fields of science and technology, as many notable scientists and inventors, including Mikhail Lomonosov and Dmitry Mendeleev, worked and studied in Russia during this time. 2. During the French Empire, the arts, including literature, music, and architecture, flourished. Maybe. African Americans Disease wiped out most of the population and many that were left were able to escape because of superior knowledge of the land. In the 15th and 16th centuries, Jewish communities faced increased, Jews of Spanish descent that migrated to North Africa and the Middle East are referred to as Sephardic. What European Christian traditions were changed by the Protestant Reformation? Ottoman devshirme, salaried samurai), After kicking out the Mongols, Russians reclaimed their land, Ivan IV started to expand until they reached the Pacific Ocean, Ottomans enslaved young Christian boys from Southeastern Europe and converted them to Islam, worked for the Ottoman government, a local official in Mughal India who received a plot of farmland for temporary use in return for collecting taxes for the central government, Belief that a ruler's authority comes directly from god (popular in European monarchies), A government in which power is concentrated in a central authority to which local governments are subject, A large, complex organization composed of appointed officials. \text { Variation } These things brought them great wealth. They had numerous canals, causeways, and bridges and central walled area with palaces and temples. Develop an argument that evaluates the extent to which interactions between societies and cultures affected the institutions of land-based empires in this period. As colonists expanded plantations, many regions suffered from deforestation, soil depletion, and a strain on water sources. The demographic effects of the slave trade in Africa were unprecedented. Columbus was an all around terrible human being that committed mass genocide, but he gets the namesake of this era because his voyage kicked off a new global trading system. Europeans, after the scientific revolution, were often more advanced with technology and weapons, leading to their dominance in the colony. It was founded by Napoleon Bonaparte, who established himself as Emperor of the French and expanded the territory of the empire through military conquests. The British Empire was the largest empire in history, with territories on every continent. Ottoman sultan called the "Conqueror"; responsible for conquest of Constantinople in 1453; destroyed what remained of Byzantine Empire. Only the bible could lead you to salvation. What methods were used by the Mughal Empire (1526-1857 CE). What were the impacts the trans-Atlantic slave trade on West Africa? During this time, Europeans stuck to themselves in trading posts and did not assert authority over land, but did overseas known as, Difference Between Land-Based and Maritime Empires, Divine Right of Kings (French Empire), Mandate of Heaven (China), Songhai Islam (Songhai), Devshirme System (Ottoman Empire), Samurai Warriors (Japan), Qing Dynasty (Restrictive Policy on Han Chinese), Spanish Empire (The Casta System), The Ottoman Empire (The Millet System), The Mughal Empire (Zamindar/Rajput System), The Portugese in Africa/India, The Dutch in Southeast Asia, The French in North America, The British in North America, The Spanish in North and South America. What were the characteristics of the Manchu Qing Dynasty in China? These should not be confused with democracies or representative governments. It also led the European powers to look for a different route to reach Asia, beginning the Age of Exploration. US military Emperor who reigned from 1736-1795. They are still back seat to the Land Based empires. What continuities in economic and labor systems existed in the 1450 to 1750 time period? What is a land-based empire? (direct object), p.n.p.n.p.n. In the Atlantic, the consistent trade from Europe to Africa to the Americas and back to Europe was known as. members of the Society of Jesus, a Roman Catholic religious order founded by Ignatius of Loyola, missionary activity, The great fleet sent from Spain (Catholics) against England (Protestants), Spanish were defeated, War between Catholics and Protestants; 10 million died, ended with the Peace of Westphalia in 1648, the view that knowledge originates in experience and that science should, therefore, rely on observation and experimentation, AP WORLD HISTORY- UNIT 3 Land-Based Empires (, AP World History Unit 3: Land-Based Empires, Chapter 3 Test Overview of Empires (For Test), Quiz: Henry David Thoreau and Transcendentali, AP World History Unit 1: The Global Tapestry, Unit 4: Transoceanic Interconnection (Explora, Dahia Ibo Shabaka, Larry S. Krieger, Linda Black, Phillip C. Naylor, Roger B. Beck, Human Physiology - Back of the chapter questi. How did the Qing Dynasty (1644-1912), in China centralize their bureaucracies? (predicate nominative), app.app.app. Eliminate repetition by replacing the boldfaced word or words with a synonym from your lesson words. Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan commissioned the Taj Mahal as a tomb for his wife. The Russian Empire came to an end in the early 20th century, following the Russian Revolution of 1917 and the subsequent collapse of the monarchy. They had a powerful military as they conquered land and empires easily. Explain how & why various land based empires developed & expanded from 1450-1750 Land empires included the Manchu in Central & East Asia; the Mughal in South & Central Asia; the Ottoman in Southern Europe, the Middle East, & North Africa; and the Safavids in the Middle East 1c. Finally, a new elite class emerged called the. If there is a specific religion that needs to be followed, they can enforce it and create consequences. A Shi'ite Muslim dynasty that ruled in Persia (Iran and parts of Iraq) from the 16th-18th centuries that had a mixed culture of the Persians, Ottomans and Arabs. The Dutch were high rollers in this time and played a main role in finance. There were many plantations built for sugar to keep up with sugar demand. You can specify conditions of storing and accessing cookies in your browser, In the Manifest Destiny Nearpod and videos, there was an image of people moving and in the center, there was a woman in white. What are some examples of religious tolerance 1450-1700?
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