0000109694 00000 n On a calcul le rsultat du questionnaire IFMS-15 partir de questions pertinentes contenues dans la version IFMS-20. Scoring and interpretation of scores Antonio I Cuesta-Vargas. Costello, A.B. Purpose: To examine the reliability, validity, and sensitivity to change of the 20-item version and the Rasch-refined 15-item version of the Upper Extremity Functional Index (UEFI-20 and UEFI-15, respectively) and to determine the impact of arm dominance on the positive minimal clinically important difference (pMCID). J Hand Ther 2006,19(3):328349. 0000075968 00000 n Both UEFI measures show acceptable reliability and validity. A Note on the Multiplying Factors for Various Chi Square Approximations. The ULFI has also been accepted by the international PRO database [39] PROQUOLID. Gabel, C.P. To assess upper extremity function in patients with musculoskeletal upper extremity disorders Therapeutic area Musculoskeletal and Neural Physiological Phenomena Musculoskeletal Diseases Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms Psychological Phenomena Therapeutic indications Muscular Diseases Musculoskeletal Pain A two stage observational study was conducted. A study by Binkley et al[2] supported the use of UEFI in patients after breast cancer surgery. 0000070683 00000 n The test-retest reliability was high at (r=0.93) with an individual range of 0.92 to 0.95. doi: 10.23750/abm.v93i5.13417. Quality of Life: The Assessment, Analysis and Interpretation of Patient-Reported Outcomes, LISREL 10 for Windows [Computer Software], Functionality and Quality of Life with Parkinsons Disease after Use of a Dynamic Upper Limb Orthosis: A Pilot Study, Objectively-Assessed Ultraviolet Radiation Exposure and Sunburn Occurrence, Acceptance of CaregiverPatient Support to Latinx Coping with Advanced Cancer (CASA) Intervention: A Caregiver Case Study, Associations between Primary Healthcare Experiences and Glycemic Control Status in Patients with Diabetes: Results from the Greater Bay Area Study, China, The Role of Physical Activity in Primary Care, http://www.who.int/cancer/detection/breastcancer/en/, https://researchers.cdu.edu.au/en/studentTheses/development-and-initial-validation-of-a-new-regional-outcome-meas, http://www-01.ibm.com/software/analytics/spss/products/statistics/, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, Assistance with personal care and hygiene, Difficult opening, holding, pushing or pressing. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2009,18(6):920926. 10.2522/ptj.20100199, Lehman LA, Sindhu BS, Shechtman O, Romero S, Velozo CA: A comparison of the abiity of two upper extremity assessments to measure change in function. 0000077003 00000 n ; Aouizerat, B.E. Kass RA, Tinsley HEA: Factor analysis. Get Top Tips Tuesday and The Latest Physiopedia updates, The content on or accessible through Physiopedia is for informational purposes only. Binkley JM, Stratford P, Kirkpatrick S, Farley CR, Okoli J, Gabram S. Clin Breast Cancer. This may have been partially attributed to the QuickDASH being the final questionnaire in the completion sequence and subsequent patient burden due to the number of questionnaires. hT}LSW?|paH[@)9[_[5ck )ISa+D?ltN6m)-3%d]qt}dcs;{s E!1[3^wN Rehabilitation of the spine: A practitioners manual. Int J Environ Res Public Health. Med Care. The factor analysis revealed a satisfactory percentage of total variance explained by the one factor at 48.9%. Validity, reliability, and responsiveness of the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand outcome measure in different regions of the upper extremity. The purpose of study is to develop and validate a ULFI Spanish-version (ULFI-Sp). The developed short version of the ULFI-SP is preferable to assess upper limb function in Spanish BCS. In a study by Chesworth et al[4], reliability for the UEFI-20 and UEFI-15 was the same (ICC=0.94 for both measures). 0000073715 00000 n Reliability for the UEFI-20 and UEFI-15 was the same (ICC=0.94 for both measures). doi: 10.1016/j.clbc.2018.02.008. (Additional file 1). The main objective of the study was to translate and validate the upper limb functional index (ULFI) outcome measure in the Urdu language. This study aimed to assess the psychometric properties of the Upper Limb Functional Index Spanish version (ULFI-Sp) in the BCS. The four published studies to date investigating the ULFI suggest the practical characteristics along with the responsiveness and error range [4, 8] There is no other relationship with Novartis as a partial funder apart from defraying employment expenses, and there are no patents, products in development, or marketed products relationships to declare according to the definition of financial competing interests. 2 It has also Today, do you or would you have any difficulty at all with: 0000076521 00000 n those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). Cella D, Yount S, Rothrock N, Gershon R, Cook K, Reeve B, Ader D, Fries JF, Bruce B, Rose M: PROMIS Cooperative Group. Stock SR, Streiner D: The impact of neck and upper limb musculoskeletal disorders on the lives of affected workers: development of a new functional status index. 0000074780 00000 n 10.1016/j.jht.2009.09.006. 0000076764 00000 n The determined values were satisfactory and supportive of the findings of the ULFI as a 3-point scale, particularly in the areas of internal consistency, factor structure and reliability. 0000156323 00000 n 0000074379 00000 n Google Scholar, Smith MV, Calfee RP, Baumgarten KM, Brophy RH, Wright RWJ: Upper extremity-specific measures of disability and outcomes in orthopaedic surgery. Background: The Upper Limb Functional Index (ULFI) is an internationally widely used outcome measure with robust, valid psychometric properties. The Upper Extremity Functional Index (UEFI) is a 20-item, region-specific PROM initially designed to assess upper extremity function in people with musculoskeletal disorders (17, 18). You seem to have javascript disabled. 10.1016/j.jht.2008.11.005. The minimum amount of change that is considered to be clinically significant is 9 points[3]. Translation, Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Psychometric Properties of Urdu Version of Upper Limb Functional Index; a Validity and Reliability Study. A Prospective Surveillance Model for Physical Rehabilitation of Women with Breast Cancer: Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy. Germann G, Harth A, Wind G, Demir E: Standardisation and validation of the German version 2.0 of the Disability of Arm, Shoulder, Hand (DASH) questionnaire (in German). WHO | Breast Cancer: Prevention and Control. Measurement error was determined from SEM and MDC90 being respectively at 3.52% and 8.03%. Value Health. The Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS): Progress of an NIH Roadmap Cooperative Group During its First Two Years. The Disability of Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) [1416] and the shortened QuickDASH [17] version are two prominent examples. eCollection 2023 Jan. Phys Ther. The Spanish version of the Upper Limb Functional Index (ULFI) has excellent psychometric properties for reliability and validity [. Les valeurs de la pDMCI s'tablissaient 8/80 pour le questionnaire IFMS-20 et 6,7/100 pour le questionnaire IFMS-15; la pDMCI tait plus leve chez les personnes dont le bras non dominant tait atteint. ; van Laarhoven, H.W.M. Baltimore, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. The test-retest reliability or reproducibility was also high with the values (0.92 to 0.95) in-line with those found for the original instrument (0.90 to 0.96) [8]. 0000079974 00000 n Disclaimer. 2023 BioMed Central Ltd unless otherwise stated. The QuickDASH-Sp was also completed by all participants but there were excessive levels of missing responses that unfortunately rendered the data not useable for analysis and reporting in this study. and transmitted securely. ; Bombardier, C. Development of an Upper Extremity Outcome Measure: The DASH (Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand) [Corrected]. The factor structure has also been challenged [2123] which further questions validity. Consequently, the ULFI-Sp may be useful in Spanish-speaking populations and for making cross-ethnic and cross-cultural comparisons in other English speaking countries with a high Spanish-speaking population. 6: 4997. The KolmogorovSmirnov test by one sample (significance > 0.05) was used to calculate the samples distribution and normality. The MDC The Oxford Shoulder Score Revisited. 2023 Jan 19;7(1):100051. doi: 10.1016/j.rpth.2023.100051. In the same study, the longitudinal validity coefficient between the UEFI and the UEFS was 0.74. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. Chicago: Scientific Software International; 2007. ; Osborne, J.W. 2022 Jul 20;23(1):691. doi: 10.1186/s12891-022-05628-8. Cuesta-Vargas, A.I. ; Michener, L.A.; Burkett, B.; Neller, A. Paper should be a substantial original Article that involves several techniques or approaches, provides an outlook for Methods: A two stage observational study was conducted. On recommande le questionnaire IFMS-15 parce qu'il mesure une dimension seulement: la fonction des membres suprieurs. It is critical to employ research measures that are valid and reliable but they must also be both culturally and linguistically appropriate. Cross-Cultural Adaptation, Reliability and Validity of the Spanish Version of the Upper Limb Functional Index. Gabel, C.P. 0000088483 00000 n Accessibility -. A factor analysis showed one factor with an Eigenvalue of 6.7; this factor explained 61% of the variance. Two of the three other critical psychometric properties of the ULFI-Sp were both shown to be high and well supported. Positive minimal clinically important difference values were 8/80 for the UEFI-20 and 6.7/100 for the UEFI-15; pMCID was higher for people whose non-dominant arm was affected. The UEFI-15 is recommended because it measures only one dimension: UE function. For Bravini, E.; Franchignoni, F.; Giordano, A.; Sartorio, F.; Ferriero, G.; Vercelli, S.; Foti, C. Classical Test Theory and Rasch Analysis Validation of the Upper Limb Functional Index in Subjects with Upper Limb Musculoskeletal Disorders. This is considered to support the criterion validity of the ULFI-Sp however as it is not as strong as findings in the previous research that used a region specific criterion standard that was advocated as representative of the upper limb kinetic chain. However, the UEFI-15 item is scored 0-59 and converted to give an interval level total score 0-100 with 0 indicating worst state and 100 best state. The UEFI-15 was calculated from relevant items in the UEFI-20. Patient burden from completing numerous questionnaires is an area for future consideration. ; Bot, S.D.M. Upper Limb Physical Function and Adverse Effects after Breast Cancer Surgery: A Prospective 2.5-Year Follow-up Study and Preoperative Measures. These tools also guide treatment decisions and assess the effectiveness of interventions, including direct comparisons between pre- and post-operative status, and subsequently during rehabilitation [13]. Occup Environ Med 2002,59(10):664670. The Validation of a Quality of Life Scale to Assess the Impact of Arm Morbidity in Breast Cancer Patients Post-Operatively. Would you like email updates of new search results? Reliability and validity of two versions of the upper extremity functional index. The upper extremity postthrombotic syndrome score: an international Delphi consensus study to determine the score's functional disability component. The LLFI was initially cross-culturally adapted to Spanish through double forward and single backward translation; then subsequently validated for the psychometric characteristics of validity, internal consistency, reliability, error score and factor structure. Terms and Conditions, It has five 3-point response options for different quality-of-life dimensions and a sixth question on overall perceived health-related status. Epub 2012 Aug 30. Garratt, A. Martn-Martn J, Pajares-Hachero B, Alba-Conejo E, Ribelles N, Cuesta-Vargas AI, Roldn-Jimnez C. Int J Environ Res Public Health. -, Cella D, Yount S, Rothrock N, Gershon R, Cook K, Reeve B, Ader D, Fries JF, Bruce B, Rose M. PROMIS Cooperative Group. The purpose of this study was the adaptation and validation of a Spanish-version (SFI-Sp) with cultural and linguistic equivalence. Martnez-Cal J, Molina-Torres G, Carrasco-Vega E, Barni L, Ventura-Miranda MI, Gonzalez-Sanchez M. Healthcare (Basel). Careers. An index close to 0.95 was considered acceptable, while an index of 0.97 was considered indicative of a good fit [, Factor structure by MLE was carried out with the software Statistical Package Social Science Version 25.0 (SPSS 25.0) [, BCS were aged 51.64 (9.10). Factor structure was one-dimensional and supported construct validity. Below are the links to the authors original submitted files for images. Subjects were asked to fulfil the questionnaire as part of an assessment. Muiz J, Elosua P, Hambleton RK: International Test Commission Guidelines for test translation and adaptation: Second edition. ULFI-Sp showed a high internal consistency for the total score ( = 0.916) and the regression score obtained from MLE ( = 0.996). The purpose of study is to develop and validate a ULFI Spanish-version (ULFI-Sp). 0000004535 00000 n Cross-cultural adaptation of the upper limb functional index in Arabic. 0000155336 00000 n Dawson, J.; Rogers, K.; Fitzpatrick, R.; Carr, A. and transmitted securely. 0000091146 00000 n 0000155497 00000 n Cross-Cultural Adaptation, Reliability, and Validity of the Greek Version of the Upper Extremity Functional Index. Use of Condition Specific Patient-Reported Outcome Measures in Clinical Trials among Patients with Wrist Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review. The Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS): Progress of an NIH Roadmap Cooperative Group during Its First Two Years. ; Tekindal, A. Cross-Cultural Adaptation, Reliability and Validity of the Turkish Version of the Upper Limb Functional Index (ULFI). 0000082479 00000 n 0000075574 00000 n ; de Boer, M.R. 0000080800 00000 n Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2010,91(9):13701377. 0000157982 00000 n J Hand Ther 2001,14(2):128146. 0000084529 00000 n %PDF-1.3 A total of 216 voluntary BCS from Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital of Malaga participated in the study. Internal consistency analysis showed a level of 0.94 that sits below the accepted 0.95 thresholds for item reducndancy [20]. 0000070007 00000 n ; Dekker, J.; Bouter, L.M. The Upper Extremity Functional Index (UEFI) [32] which is criticized due to it development methodology using a specific workers population in a small data set with a high average age [6, 8]. The inclusion criteria were BCS who had been surgically treated for their primary tumor with no evidence of recurrence at the time of recruitment. The one-factor solution that emerged in the factor analysis accounted for a significant proportion of variance and showed evidence that supports the presence of construct validity. A Spanish version of the ULFI had not been developed or validated to date. The ULFI was cross-culturally adapted to Spanish through double forward and backward translations, the psychometric properties were then validated. The purpose of study is to develop and validate a ULFI Spanish-version (ULFI-Sp). Ethical clearance was approved by the Tribunal of Review of Human Subjects at the University of Malaga. Physiopedia articles are best used to find the original sources of information (see the references list at the bottom of the article). ; Goldhahn, J. Reliability was performed using the Intraclass Correlation Coefficients Type 2,1 (ICC2.1) test-retest methodology in a randomly selected subgroup of the full sample (n=35, 4662years, 61.1% female). Writingoriginal draft preparation: J.M.-M. The purpose of study is to develop and. most exciting work published in the various research areas of the journal. A construct is not restricted to one set of observable indicators or attributes and additional indicators will need to be considered in future research. Morris LA, Miller DW. 9W~=;?3W :~'$RRHdP! Spanish Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Validation of the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Centre (OSTRC) Overuse Injury Questionnaire in Handball Players. 0.95 in a sample of upper extremity musculoskeletal conditions,1 and ICC 0.85 (95% CI: 0.73, 0.92) in a sample with shoulder, elbow, wrist and forearm musculoskeletal conditions. eCollection 2023. Health Qual Life Outcomes. PubMed Please note that many of the page functionalities won't work as expected without javascript enabled. 0000076204 00000 n statement and 0000070161 00000 n A further consideration was that the ULFI has a single factor structure [25] and an acceptable level of internal consistency in all studies. Epub 2013 Jun 27. 0000122698 00000 n The present study has several limitations. 10.2310/6640.2004.15377. 0000155800 00000 n The questionnaire reliability was high ( = 0.93). 0000071173 00000 n PubMedGoogle Scholar. These regional PRO measures are argued to provide greater sensitivity and improved representation of the individuals functional status than joint or condition specific measures [79]. "Validation of the Upper Limb Functional Index on Breast Cancer Survivor" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 0000156965 00000 n Cutoff Criteria for Fit Indexes in Covariance Structure Analysis: Conventional Criteria versus New Alternatives. A larger sample will provide a more robust and demanding data analysis. Differences in Tridimensional Shoulder Kinematics between Asymptomatic Subjects and Subjects Suffering from Rotator Cuff Tears by Means of Inertial Sensors: A Cross-Sectional Study. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies A two stage observational study was conducted involving: initial translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the ULFI [7] to Spanish; then subsequent prospective concurrent completion with a general health questionnaire, the Euroqol Health Questionnaire 5 Dimensions (EQ-5D-3L) [41] and an upper limb regional criterion, the QuickDASH-Sp [42]. 0000154465 00000 n This consisted of a payment for the author, CRJ, as a physical therapist in the assessment. Cuesta-Vargas, A.I. 0000072523 00000 n The site is secure. This study aimed to assess the psychometric properties of the Upper Limb Functional Index Spanish version (ULFI-Sp) in the BCS. Escriche-Escuder, A.; Trinidad-Fernndez, M.; Pajares, B.; Iglesias-Campos, M.; Alba, E.; Cuesta-Vargas, A.I. Their presenting conditions were representative of the five categories of the full sample and expressed with a 95% CI using scores on the ULFI-Sp from the participants at baseline and on repetition at day seven. The correlation matrix for the ULFI-Sp was determined suitable from the Kaiser-Meyer-Oklin values (0.89) and Barletts Test of Sphericity (p<0.001). If you believe that this Physiopedia article is the primary source for the information you are refering to, you can use the button below to access a related citation statement. 0000072858 00000 n xref Physiopedia is not a substitute for professional advice or expert medical services from a qualified healthcare provider. The QuickDASH-Sp had greater than >30% of missing responses affecting 41 of the 126 respondent questionnaires. Man Ther 2009,14(2):206212. stream This site needs JavaScript to work properly. Implications for rehabilitation; The Extremity Function Index reflects the functioning of all muscles in the upper and lower extremities involved in activities of daily living. Construct validity and factor structure were determined through the use of questionnaire principal component analysis (PCA) with the a-priori requirements for extraction being the satisfaction of all three points: screeplot inflection point, Eigenvalue>1.0 and accounting for >10% of variance. %%EOF The scale is in logits. Medical oncologists recruited women from the Medical Oncology Unit at the hospital. Known-groups validity was evaluated with a one-way ANOVA across three levels of working status. FOIA Sample size was determined from the previous ULFI studies [7, 8, 26] indicating a minimum of 106 patients were required to ensure an 80% chance of achieving the required statiscal power for concurrent validity, internal consistency and factor structure allowing for 15% attrition (p<0.05) [46]. CAS , are consistently defined [6, 7, 26, 38]. 6, e1261-7. Privacy Is Kinesiophobia Associated with Lymphedema, Upper Extremity Function, and Psychological Morbidity in Breast Cancer Survivors? In most cases Physiopedia articles are a secondary source and so should not be used as references. 0000083640 00000 n For more information, please refer to The Upper Limb Functional Index (ULFI) has been validated across different populations and languages. 10.1007/s00264-007-0344-7, Article 0000071512 00000 n Furthermore, this is the first version of the ULFI-Sp abbreviated to 14 items that maintain the original psychometric properties. Changes in Unilateral Upper Limb Muscular Strength and Electromyographic Activity After a 16-Week Strength Training Intervention in Survivors of Breast Cancer. 0000076361 00000 n This assists the clinicians understanding of the effects of a condition or disease on a patients capabilities, functioning and symptoms [4]. This cross-sectional study recruited a population of female BCS to evaluate the psychometric properties of ULFI in terms of structural validity, reliability, and factor analysis. Modification of the Upper Limb Functional Index to a Three-Point Response Improves Clinimetric Properties. 10.1016/j.jse.2008.12.015, Miller LA, Swanson S: Summary and Recommendations of the Academys State of the Science Conference on Upper Limb Prosthetic Outcome Measures. This study analyzed the psychometric properties of the ULFI-Sp in a sample of the BCS, resulting in a new ULFI-Sp short version. A Modified QuickDASH-9 Provides a Valid Outcome Instrument for Upper Limb Function. 0000155635 00000 n Med Care 45(5):S3-S11. <> The upper extremity functional index evaluates the impairment the subject perceives they encounter when performing 20 types of activities of daily living. X qz>'tqm_]Mq0C Student's t-test will be developed to check the items behave the same way for men and women. Criterion validity was determined through the concurrent use of the EQ-5D-3L total score and EQ-5D-3L-VAS scores with the ULFI-Sp measures. Physiotherapy Can. Bookshelf J Prosthet Orthot 2009, 21: 8389. Project administration: A.I.C.-V., C.R.-J., B.P.-H. and E.A.-C. Conceptualization and methodology: A.I.C.-V. and C.R.-J. 476 0 obj <>stream Scree Plot of the exploratory one-factor solution. 10.1016/j.math.2010.10.004, Angst F, Goldhahn J, Angst F, Goldhahn J, Drerup S, Flury M, Schwyzer HK, Simmen BR: How sharp is the short QuickDASH? Alderman AK, Chung KC: Measuring Outcomes in Hand Surgery. % 0000078944 00000 n Finally, factor analysis by CFA was tested in the analyses. MeSH Health and Quality of Life Outcomes Prevalence of Breast Cancer Treatment Sequelae over 6 Years of Follow-up: The Pulling Through Study. the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, Roldn-Jimnez, C.; Martn-Martn, J.; Pajares, B.; Ribelles, N.; Alba, E.; Cuesta-Vargas, A.I. The exclusion criteria were under 18 years old and low reading comprehension due to completing the questionnaire. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal 0 Upper Extremity Functional Index (UEFI) The UEFI is a patient-reported outcome measure used to quantify upper extremity-related activity limitations [ 13, 14, 20 ]. 0000075733 00000 n 0000088903 00000 n Cella, D.; Yount, S.; Rothrock, N.; Gershon, R.; Cook, K.; Reeve, B.; Ader, D.; Fries, J.F. Harrington, S.; Michener, L.A.; Kendig, T.; Miale, S.; George, S.Z. All the authors have given final approval of the version to be published. Fayad F, Lefevre-Colau MM, Gautheron V, Mac Y, Fermanian J, Mayoux Benhamou A, Roren A, Rannou F, Roby-Brami A, Revel M, Poiraudeau S: Reliability, validity and responsiveness of the French version of the questionnaire Quick Disability of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand in shoulder disorders. 0000004577 00000 n Google Scholar. 10.1007/BF02310555. 2023 Feb 24;14:989403. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2023.989403. The Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS): Progress of an NIH Roadmap Cooperative Group During its First Two Years. << /Length 5 0 R /Filter /FlateDecode >> ; Rapport, F.; Russell, I.T. CAS PubMed Central The psychometric analysis of the ULFI-Sp did not include responsiveness, so the testretest reliability can be compared to other questionnaires. The ULFI was cross-culturally adapted to Spanish J Hand Ther 2010,23(1):4152. Smoot, B.; Paul, S.M. Qual Life Res 1995, 4: 491. 10.1016/j.annrmp.2004.05.016, Schoneveld K, Wittink H, Takken T: Clinimetric evaluation of measurement tools used in hand therapy to assess activity and participation. ; Roldn-Jimnez, C. Ultrasound Use in Metastatic Breast Cancer to Measure Body Composition Changes Following an Exercise Intervention. Cite this article. 10.1097/00043764-199712000-00014, Sambandam SN, Priyanka PAG, Ilango B: Critical analysis of outcome measures used in the assessment of carpal tunnel syndrome. This may have been partially attributed to patient burden as the QuickDASH was the final questionnaire completed. Greenslade JR, Mehta RL, Belward P, Warwick DJ: DASH and Boston Questionnaire assessment of carpal tunnel syndrome outcome: what is the responsiveness of an outcome questionnaire? Nesvold, I.-L.; Foss, S.D. 0000155991 00000 n Angst, F.; Schwyzer, H.-K.; Aeschlimann, A.; Simmen, B.R. Measures of Adult Shoulder Function: Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand Questionnaire (DASH) and Its Short Version (QuickDASH), Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI), American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) Society Standardized Shoulder Assessment Form, Constant (Murley) Score (CS), Simple Shoulder Test (SST), Oxford Shoulder Score (OSS), Shoulder Disability Questionnaire (SDQ), and Western Ontario Shoulder Instability Index (WOSI).
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